The Effects Of Traumatic Events On Infants And Young Children

In recent years the research regarding trauma has shifted from adults to children. In the past, the impact of traumatic events on infants and young children has been passed over when in reality early childhood is the stage when a child is most vulnerable to the effects of trauma (Perry et. al., 1995). There are numerous interventions for early childhood trauma that focus on the child and the child’s primary caregiver. I wanted to design an intervention that will be able to go beyond the home environment of the child and into the school environment. Teacher can become secondary caregivers in a child’s life. They can also spend a significant amount of time with a child during the child’s time in the classroom. The teacher-training module was designed to offer a brief overview of early childhood trauma. The goal of the teacher-training is to provide teachers who work with children ages 0-5 with an overview of what early childhood trauma is, how it can present in the child’s behavior and to better equip teachers with an understanding of why difficult behaviors present in a child due to trauma. Reasoning behind effects of early childhood trauma will be discussed later in regards to attachment theory, stress and trauma theory, and psychoanalytic theory. Traumatic experience can occur to children under the age of six (Zero to Six Collaborative Group, 2010). Even though a child may not be able to vocalize or verbalize his/her own experiences regarding the traumatic experience, itShow MoreRelatedInfant Trauma1407 Words   |  6 Pagestragic event. The pain of the memories alone can be devastating. It takes time and support to find a sense of self again, to feel safe in the world again. But what if the trauma happened before life ever really began? Is there any lasting effect on a person that was merely an infant when the trauma was experienced? The research is growing on this topic and it reveals that there can definitely be some significant effects from infant trauma. As we look into the effects of trauma on infants, we firstRead MoreSetting And Attachment Theory Of A Family966 Words   |  4 PagesAdoption or Foster Care E.Moving Home F.Living Outside of the Home G.Family Breakdown H.Loss of Significant People I.Moving Between Settngs or Carers I.There are a number of Significant theories of ATTACHMENT that we should be aware of when considering children s overall development.ATTACHMENT is important as it affects a child s long term social and emotional development. A.John Bowlby s THEORY of ATTACHMENT -he recognised and devised one of the most important theories,which is that of ATTACHMENT.HeRead MoreEmotional Abuse : Cause And Effects1344 Words   |  6 PagesEmotional Abuse: Cause and Effects Abuse comes in many forms such as physical, sexual, verbal, or even emotional; feelings or emotions have the ability to cut as deep as any weapon; causing long term damage in the lives of children. Larry James was once quoted in saying: â€Å"Emotional abuse is just as damaging as physical abuse. The only difference between the two is with physical abuse you are wearing it on the outside for the world to see and the other is felt deep inside. Others cannot see the bruisesRead MoreThe Plasticity At A Young Age1693 Words   |  7 PagesThe brain is constantly changing and molding from new experiences. The plasticity at a young age presents itself in an enormous amount which allows the brain to change and adapt. When a child is bestowed with a traumatic experience at a young age they learn from that and are effected tremendously, because that’s all the knowledge they contain. Traits are hard wired into people and that coming from parents it already sets a path to follow and in a way already makes them who they are, but an environmentRead MoreDomestic Violence and Social Problems1268 Words   |  6 Pagessexual orientation, socioeconomic backgrounds, or education levels. While the systems primary focus targets adult victims of abuse the new attention is being focused on children who witness domestic violence. Witnessing a violent crime is commonly defined as being within visual range of the scene as the crime occurs. Children are expected to unfold in a secure and nurturing environment. When the environment is injected by fear and violence all of the normal task of growing up are unfavorablyRead MoreEffects Of Maltreatment On Brain Development And Its Consequences1150 Words   |  5 Pages Effects of Maltreatment on Brain Development and its Consequences Abuse and neglect is , unfortunately, not an unusual occurrence in the lives of young children. The maltreatment that they experience often have harmful long-term effects that depend on many factors. These factors are dependent on the age of the infant/child at the time of the occurrence, the question of whether the abuse was a single event or a ritual norm, and the relationship with and the identity of the abuser, as well as whetherRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse On A Person s Life Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesclassified as. With that being said, researchers have found that traumatic experiences and dysfunction endured at a young age is highly correlated with the abuse of substances later in life. Trauma may include the child enduring any type of abuse, or neglect and a breakage in bonds with others to cause negative emotions that predominantly lead to posttraumatic stress disorder. The fist point to be viewed is how trauma endured at a young age impacts a child, which t hen leads to PTSD and statistical dataRead MoreConcussions Or Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries958 Words   |  4 PagesConcussions or mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI) are the most common forms of traumatic brain injury. There are between 1.6 and 3.8 million concussions a year that occur due to sports and recreation accidents alone (CDC). Mild concussions and MTBIs were once thought to be insignificant in terms of consequences. However, there now is significant evidence that neurological even with what is thought to be a mild injury, physiological, and cognitive changes can occur. Individuals sustaining mild brainRead MoreDefinitions Of Memories In Wrights Black Boy By Richard Wright895 Words   |  4 PagesBoy as an autobiography, he made the book fictitious when expressing his memories. The first example is on the first page when Wright talks about the time he set his grandmothers house on fire at the age of four. Four-year-old children are not capable of remembering events in g reat detail. He also expresses the conversation he and his three-year-old brother had. This makes no sense whatsoever because toddlers cannot have full conversations. Perhaps he did this in a way to make the novel more interestingRead MoreLong Term Effects Of Early Trauma On Children1521 Words   |  7 Pages The Long Term Effects of Early Trauma on Children in Foster and Adoptive Settings Alyssa Lodhi Amberton University October 25th, 2014 â€Æ' Personal Journey When I was five years old, my mom told me that there were some children who didn’t have moms. I was shocked, and told my mother frankly that I’d be their mom. Caring for children with early trauma has been the driving passion of my life. When I was six and again when I was eight, my parents adopted children from Vietnam. Having siblings

Wage and Salary Chapter 1 - 12487 Words

Milkovich−Newman: Compensation, Eighth Edition Front Matter 1. The Pay Model  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 Chapter One The Pay Model Chapter Outline Compensation: Definition, Please? Society Stockholders Managers Employees Global Views—Vive la diffà ©rence Forms of Pay Cash Compensation: Base Cash Compensation: Merit Pay/ Cost-of-Living Adjustments Cash Compensation: Incentives Long-Term Incentives Benefits: Income Protection Benefits: Work/Life Focus Benefits: Allowances Total Earnings Opportunities: Present Value of a Stream of Earnings Relational Returns from Work The Employment Relationship Combines Transactional and Relational Returns Variations in Transactional and Relational Expectations A Pay Model Compensation†¦show more content†¦The Pay Model  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 2 Chapter 1 The Pay Model Think of all the other employees, in addition to the performers, required for putting on a performance of Cats. Electricians, trombonists, choreographers, dressers, janitors, nurses, vocal coaches, accountants, stagehands, payroll supervisors, ushers, lighting technicians, ticket sellers—the list goes on. Consider the array of wages paid to these employees. Why does the swing get paid more than other performers? Why does the performer get paid more (or less) than the trombonist? How are these decisions made, and who is involved in making them? Whether the pay is our own or someone else’s, compensation questions engage our attention. Does the compensation received by all the people connected with Cats matter? Most employers believe that how people are paid affects people’s behaviors at work, which affect an organization’s chances of success. Compensation systems can help an organization achieve and sustain competitive advantage.1 COMPENSATION: DEFINITION, PLEASE? What image does the word â€Å"compensation† bring to mind? It does not mean the same thing to everyone. Yet how people view compensation affects how they behave at work. Thus, we begin by recognizing different perspectives. Society Some people see pay as a measure of justice. For example, a comparison of earnings of women with those of men highlights what manyShow MoreRelatedEconomic Tool and Concepts1121 Words   |  5 Pagesnotable. According to Getzen (2007), â€Å"There has recently been a growing recognition that instead of a surplus, a future shortage of physicians may occur. Since the number of U.S. medical graduates has not kept pace with the growth in U.S. population† (Chapter 7, p. 161). The nursing shortage and medical providers has become extremely demanded within the health care industry to provide a quality of health care. The following information will define economic concepts such as supply curve, demand curveRead MorePayroll System1611 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 1 THE BACKGROUND AND ITS SETTING âž ¢ Introduction âž ¢ Background of the Study âž ¢ Problem Definition âž ¢ Significance of the Study âž ¢ Objective of the Study âž ¢ Scope and Delimitation CHAPTER 2 EXISTING SYSTEMS OVERVIEW âž ¢ Background of the Company âž ¢ Organizational Structure and its Function to the Organization âž ¢ Existing System Overview âž ¢ Analysis for Existing System Cost Show the ff: ââ€" ª Labour Expense ââ€" ª Utilities Expense ââ€" ª RentRead MoreQuestions On The Liquidation Courts871 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER TEN HOW TO BANKRUPT YOUR STUDENT LOANS Everybody realizes that you can t bankrupt understudy credits. Look the web with the catchphrases chapter 11 and understudy credits and you get either numerous postings for loaning establishments attempting to motivate you to take out another advance, or you see eBooks letting you know that it is basically difficult to bankrupt your understudy advances aside from under the state of undue hardship and afterward they neglect to let you know anythingRead MoreFive Social Insurances and One Housing Fund1726 Words   |  7 PagesFive Social Insurances and One Housing Fund Table of Content Chapter 1: Introduction 3 Chapter 2: Successful of Shanghai in Five social insurances one housing fund 4 Chapter 3: Impacts on Employer 5 Chapter 4: Impacts on Employee 6 Chapter 5: Precautions of Human Resources Management 7 Reference 8 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Five social insurances and one housing fund was established under Labor Act Chapter 9 Article 73. It is used to serve the purpose on maintaining social harmony by protectingRead MoreIntermediate Accounting I Week 11364 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 1 CA1-1 (FASB and Standard-Setting)  Presented below are four statements which you are to identify as true or false. If false, explain why the statement is false. 1.  GAAP is the term used to indicate the whole body of FASB authoritative literature. 2.  Any company claiming compliance with GAAP must comply with most standards and interpretations but does not have to follow the disclosure requirements. 3.  The primary governmental body that has influence over the FASB is the SEC. 4.  TheRead MoreChapter Two and Three Problems Essays983 Words   |  4 PagesChapter Two and Three Problems Please complete the following 7 exercises below in either Excel or a word document (but must be single document). You must show your work where appropriate (leaving the calculations within Excel cells is acceptable). Save the document, and submit it in the appropriate week using the Assignment Submission button. Chapter 2 Exercise 1 1. Issuance of stock Prepare journal entries to record the issuance of 100,000 shares of common stock at $20 per share for eachRead MoreCh 2 Solutions to Slr4899 Words   |  20 PagesSolutions, Chapter 2/HL ANSWERS TO CHAPTER 2 The Simple Regression Model Econometrics Economics of Innovation and Growth A = Problems B = Examples (from chapter 2) C = Cumputer Exercises 1 Solutions, Chapter 2/HL A: Problems 2.1 Let kids denote the number of children born to a woman, and let educ denote years of education for the woman. A simple model relating fertility to years of education is kids = ÃŽ ² 0 + ÃŽ ²1educ + u where u is the unobserved error. (i) (ii) What kind of factorsRead MoreThe General Theory Of Employment, Interest, And Money.1653 Words   |  7 Pageseconomics is concerned. ÃŽ » SUMMARIES Book 1 Chapter 1looks at the distinction between general theory and classical theory. It gives insights on the situations when the classical theory is applicable and when the general theory is applicable. There is much emphasis that is being given on this issue of general. It means that this theory can work in various combinations with other theories in trying to see how economics can be affected if it is put into use. Chapter 2 looks at the various postulates of theRead MoreThe Impact Of Childcare Wages On Job Satisfaction, Job Commitment, And Program Quality Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesIn this chapter, the key findings with regard to the research questions were reviewed and broad conclusions based on the findings of the studies were described. The chapter concluded with implications and recommendations for stakeholders. The purpose of this research study was to find the impact of childcare wages on job satisfaction, job commitment, and program quality. The research questions for this study are listed below. What is the relationship between the individual wages for teachers andRead MoreFinancial Accounting Chapter 2 Assignment1276 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 2: Recording Process ( SWD: Lecture Review) What is an account? An account is an accounting record of increases and decreases in a specific asset, liability, or owner’s equity item. For example, Softbyte (the company discussed in Chapter 1) would have separate accounts for Cash, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Service Revenue, and Salaries Expense. In its simplest form, an account consists of three parts: (1) a title, (2) a left or debit side, and (3) a right or credit side. Because

Non Financial Performance Measures and Firm

Question: Discuss about the Non Financial Performance Measures and Firm. Answer: Introduction Non financial performances need to be required to analyze by each and every company to know about the expected performances of the company, and for taking an effective decisions. Although financial performances measures the financial results of the company, but non financial performance tells about the performance quality features about the company. These factors plays an important role in making a company different from its competitors that is point of differentiation can be achieved (PMC, 2014). In ensuring the success of the business various elements play a key role. That is, besides financial factors, non financial factors also play a considerable role. Like management of key areas like human resource, quality measurement of the products, company profile and employee reviews, environment sustainability factors (Trillium asset management, 2015). Gilead pharmaceuticals Gilead pharmaceutical company is a biopharmaceutical company; it has a target area across the world as it offers the medicines in 150 countries. It provides treatment on oncology, immunology, cardiology, endocrinology, dialectology, and neurology. It also provides nutritional treatment. The company mission statement is to remain affordable, and provide safe healthcare across the world. The current ratio of the company is 2.50 in 2015 that shows that it will have a good liquidity position (Prezi, 2017). Non-financial performance The aspects of non financial performance are that in analyzing the companys success apart from financial aspects, non financial aspects would also be considered. The performance analysis of the company would be discussed, which describes about compliance to its corporate social responsibility, and the companys internal control system. It also tells about long run aspects of the company. It highlights the companys strength in respect of services to the customers, quality of production and satisfactory performance given to the employees (Emeakponuzo, 2014). The positive aspects of non financial performance of Gilead Inc The key advantage of company in case of its performances is that it does not test on animals for their medicines production. The main strategy of Gilead is to diversify. And for diversification they expands their business so to employee more employees. Another positive aspect the Gilead Inc has is research and development. The company has increased its expenditure too in research and development. The company Gilead Inc has an increase in return on assets. It is due to increase in sales of the company. Apart from this the company has good control over its inventory tool, as they keep record of their inventories across the markets they have; hence by this they are able to avoid the situation of stock outs. The company has a partnership with Clinton health access, this partnership helped the company in purchasing medicines in bulk, hence the company also a gets a cost advantage because of this. In respect to the non financial performance, Gilead was considered as number one position by the Chronicle of Philanthropy in respect of donating funds to many corporations in order to meet the medical needs and to reduce the affects of diseases like viral hepatitis, HIV. In case of production Gilead produces approximately 900 million tablets of oral medicines and approximately 900million liquid medicines as per 2014 report (Gilead, 2016). In respect employees wellness Gilead conduct a campaign annually in which they challenges their employees to stay healthy. It is an eight week program in which the employees have to take 10,000 steps per day. For this personal devices can also be used to keep a record. It is to motivate employees to remain healthy. At this campaign high risk factors like cholesterol level, body mass index, sugar level, and blood pressure are measured. This campaign is free for all regular employees. Apart from this the employees are also allowed to buy fresh fruits, organic produce, vegetables. In case of sustainability of environment, Gilead used to recycle its dugs and medicines so to reduce the environmental impact (Gilead, 2014). Conclusion These factors play a considerable role in performance of the company. In the given case of Gilead Inc, these factors make the company different from its competitor and increase it sales; it made a positive impact on return on assets. The benefits managers get through non financial performance is that it would be easy for them to make corporate decisions and take decisions in an effective manner. These factors are considered as relevant because they increase the brand value and company image in the minds of the consumer in respect of point of differentiation. These aspects describes that whether the company is working in right direction or not. References Emeakponuzo,D,E. (2014) Non-financial performance measures and firm value in Nigeria: What is the link?. British journal of economics, management trade. Vol 4, issue 6. Gilead. (2016) Gilead publishes 2015 corporate social responsibility report. Retrieved at https://www.gilead.com/news/csr-report-2015 Gilead.(2014) Sustainability report 2014. Retrieved at https://www.gilead.com/~/media/files/pdfs/other/gilead_sr_2014_final.pdf?la=en PMC. (2014) Development of an integrated performance measurement (PM) model for Pharmaceutical Industry. Retrieved at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3977072/ Prezi. (2017) Gilead Science Inc. retrieved at https://prezi.com/gpk0wotaju6i/gilead-sciences-inc/ Trillium asset management. (2015) Gilead science, Inc.- Sustainability reporting (2015). Retrieved at https://www.trilliuminvest.com/shareholder-proposal/gilead-sciences-inc-sustainability-reporting-2015/

WordPress Help Desk Plugins 3 Easy Ways to Offer Better Support

When youre running a business or e-commerce site, you need to provide the best customer experience possible. This includes offering top-notch service and support. To do that, you’ll need the right tools, such as WordPress help desk plugins.In fact, there are a variety of easy ways to add support features to your site. You can implement a ticket system, make use of live chat, and even create a dedicated forum. Whether used alone or in combination, these techniques simplify the task of providing excellent customer support.In this post, we’ll briefly touch on the importance of offering customer support on your website. Then, we’ll explore the three strategies mentioned above, along with the WordPress help desk plugins required to make them happen. Let’s get to work! 1. Add a ticket system to your websiteWe mentioned the importance of live support earlier, and we’ll elaborate on that method shortly. However, it’s not always feasible to deal with all questions and issues in real-time, especially if your site is large or your customers’ problems tend to be complex. This is also the case if your support team is very small.For these reasons, it’s a smart idea to set up a ticket system on your site. This is a simple, organized way to let customers submit their queries. You can see everything that’s in the queue, and address it all in the order it was received (or using whatever prioritization works best for your business).WP Support Plus is one of the best WordPress help desk plugins that offer this feature: WP Support Plus Responsive Ticket System Author(s): Pradeep MakoneCurrent Version: 9.1.2Last Updated: September 3, 2019wp-support-plus-responsive-ticket-system.zip 86%Ratings 226,771Downloads WP 4.4+Requires After installing the plugin, you’ll see a notification like this:Click on the link to be taken to a setup wizard that will help you configure key functionality. First, you can select ( or create) the page where your ticket submission form will be placed:The rest of the screens will provide some basic information about the plugin and its options. When you’re done, head to the page you selected and paste in the following shortcode:[wp_support_plus]This will enable the ticket submission form on the front end of your site:You’ll also find a new tab in your dashboard called Support Plus, where you can customize exactly how your ticket system works. There are a lot of settings here, so we recommend checking out the plugin’s documentation for more details.2. Implement live chat functionalityYour site’s ticket system is great for more patient customers and those with technical issues that need to be reviewed. However, a lot of people will expect quicker replies – especially when their questions are simple.This is where live chat comes into the picture. Live chat lets you respond immediately to customers, giving them the help and informat ion they need as quickly as possible. If you have the manpower required to respond promptly, live chat is an excellent addition to most sites.To get live chat working, the aptly-named WP Live Chat Support plugin is a solid solution: WP-Live Chat by 3CX Author(s): 3CXCurrent Version: 8.1.1Last Updated: October 17, 2019wp-live-chat-support.zip 94%Ratings 1,649,284Downloads WP 4.4+Requires Installing the plugin gives you access to a new Live Chat tab in your dashboard, with a lot of sections:This is because the plugin is highly customizable. However, you can still get its primary functionality up and running quickly. All you have to do is select the OK! Let’s start button at the bottom of the main page.This will add a small icon in the bottom-right corner of each page on your site. Clicking on it will enable visitors to start a live chat:Back in your dashboard, you can see a list of all visitors on your site, including those who have requested a chat. Answering them simp ly requires you to hit the Initiate Chat button:Of course, you can also configure the plugin’s settings as much as you like, in order to get your live chat system working in a way that’s convenient for you and your team.If youre willing to pay, you can also get access to desktop or mobile apps so that you can respond to messages without needing to work from your WordPress dashboard.3. Create a dedicated support forumTickets and live chats are useful for one-on-one interaction. However, if you have (or want to have) an active community, you should consider creating a way for users to help each other.A dedicated forum can be an invaluable part of your websites support system. It lets visitors see each others’ questions and issues and help out – saving you a lot of time and energy. Of course, you can also respond to forum queries yourself. When you do, you’ll be offering advice and solutions that will be permanently recorded, so other users with the s ame problems can find what they need quickly.There are quite a few forum plugins you can choose from. However, bbPress is arguably the most popular option, and for good reason: bbPress Author(s): The bbPress CommunityCurrent Version: 2.5.14Last Updated: February 26, 2019bbpress.2.5.14.zip 80%Ratings 5,616,115Downloads WP 4.7+Requires This plugin makes setting up a forum on your site quick and painless. After installing it, you’ll want to visit Forums New Forum in your dashboard:Here, you can use the standard WordPress editor to give your forum a name and description. In the right-hand sidebar, you can also configure whether the forum is open and public. Then hit Publish, and you’ll find a lightweight forum ready to go on the front end:You can also tweak the way your forums work under Settings Forums. bbPress may not be the most customizable of plugins, but it’s ideal for getting a functional, user-friendly support forum off the ground fast.ConclusionSu pport plays a huge role in how both prospective and current customers view your business. Therefore, it’s vital to offer a number of robust support options on your website, in order to provide help quickly and in whatever format a given visitor prefers. Fortunately, this isn’t hard with the right WordPress help desk plugins.These three support channels are all worth considering on your WordPress site. You can:Add a ticket system to your website.Implement live chat functionality.Create a dedicated support forum.Do you have any questions about how to use the WordPress help desk plugins we’ve introduced? Ask away in the comments section below! Learn how to offer better customer support with these 3 #WordPress help desk #plugins

Role of the Unconscious in Personality Theories

Role of the Unconscious in Personality Theories Introduction In the discussion of how the unconscious mind influences personality, one cannot negate the role of psychoanalysis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the Unconscious in Personality Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Kihlstrom, Beer, and Klein, psychoanalysis refers to the â€Å"aspects of Freud’s work and research, including Freudian therapy and the research methodology that he used to develop his theories† (2002, p.68). In the formulation of the personality of theory, Freud largely depended on case studies conducted on his patients together with direct observations of the behavior of the patients. According to Freud, the human mind is organized into two chief parts: the conscious and unconscious mind. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the role of the unconscious in personality theories using two perspectives of the course. These perspectives are psychoanalytic and social cognitive approaches to the construction of personality. Before this section, an effort is made to discuss the conscious and unconscious minds in terms of how they help to construct the personality of people. Functioning of Conscious and Unconscious Mind Conscious Mind The conscious mind carries the information that people can comprehend. People can freely and precisely talk about these aspects of their mental processes in a robust and rational way. Part of the conscious mind involves human memory. However, as Matt (2011) notes, not all information that is held in the conscious memory forms part of people’s consciousness although the information is retrievable easily so that it can be introduced into their awareness (p.81).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From Freud’s theory of personality, this reminiscence is referred to as the nor mal recall, or simply the preconscious recollection. Freud used the analogy of submerged ice to describe how the human mind is divided. According to him, the conscious mind constitutes the smallest portion of an individual’s mind. Freud argued that most of the memories and feelings that help to construct the personality of an individual are hidden from the conscious mind (Matt, 2011). Hence, the many feelings and memories that are displayed in the personality of an individual constitute the province of â€Å"the unconscious mind, which he divided into superego, ego, and id† (Matt, 2011, p. 81). Unconscious Mind The unconscious mind is the second part of the human mind from the perspective of the Freud’s theory of personality. It acts as the principle storage for all thoughts, memories, and feelings together with urges that exist outside people’s conscious awareness. With regard to Kihlstrom, Beer, and Klein (2002), most of the contents of unconscious memo ry are unpleasant and/or unacceptable under normal circumstances (p.73). They include the feeling of conflicts and pain together with anxiety among other things. In his analysis of Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality, Matt (2011) argues, â€Å"unconsciousness continues to influence our behaviors and experiences, even though we are unaware of these underlying influences† (p.43). Consequently, the unconscious mind is part of the human mind that people have no direct control over in any way.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the Unconscious in Personality Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unlike the conscious mind, the unconscious mind is a store of instinctual wishes, needs, and actions relating to ghosts and the dead. It is also a store for desires, shocking and upsetting memories, unpleasant emotions, and social ideas, which are not removable from the mind. The process of action of the unconscious mind is described by the term psychological repression. Recollections and opinions from the earlier periods can be removed from the instantaneous consciousness. These memories give rise to emotions together with thoughts that people have in their conscious memories. Since the personality of an individual is permanent and that these memories are removable, it is arguable that they do not influence the personality of an individual. A person does not obtain ideas directly in the unconscious mind for ordinary examination (Fleeson, 2004). However, emotions and ideas from the unconscious mind can become conscious by use of methods such as analyzing dreams, verbal slips, hypnosis, and free association of people with same interests. These methods are carefully examined and done during psychoanalysis. Psychotherapy is a process, which aims at inhibiting emotions and ideas into a mindful state for relieving the tolerant person of suffering from recurring untrue thoughts. According to Freud, the unconscious part of the mind is referred to as the id.It is composed of people’s basic needs and wishes. The id behaves in accordance with a principle known as pleasure principle that prevents pain. Freud also defines ego as a component of the unconscious mind.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He says that ego constitutes the conscious whole character and natural aspects that intervene between the unconscious portion of the mind and reality (Matt, 2011, p.48). Comparing and Contrasting the Roles of the Unconscious in Personality Theories Types of Personality Theories Several theories can be used to explain personalities of individuals. They include behavioral theories, trait theories, social cognitive theories, psychoanalytic theories, and humanistic theories. In these theories, the term personality is used to refer to â€Å"dynamic and organized sets of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influence his or her cognitions, emotions, motivations, and behaviors in various situations† (Fleeson, 2004, p.84). Arguably, the various classifications of theories for personality are based on this definition. For instance, emotions and motivation give rise to the psychoanalytic theories of personality while the behavioral aspects in the definition of the term p ersonality give rise to the behavioral theories for personality. Behavioral hypotheses hold that people’s qualities emanate from their relations with the surroundings. In advancing their argumentations, behaviorists study the various measurable and observable behaviors of people to explain the nature of personality portrayed by individuals (Matt, 2011). Behavioral theorists such as John Watson reject various theories that suggest that personality of individuals is a function of feelings and the thoughts that form part of the conscious and unconscious mind. Trait theory argues that the personality of individuals comprises various broad traits. In the context of discussions of this theory, traits refer to characteristics, which are stable within an individual, which guide the course of actions of such persons. One of such theories is the five-factor theory (Matt, 2011).The origin of personality characteristics is a major concern to biological personality theorists. This group o f theorists argues that personality originates from the genetic characteristics of an individual. In fact, according to Kihlstrom, Beer, and Klein (2002), â€Å"researches on heritability suggest a link between genetics and personality traits†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.73). Examination of these links drives research in biological personality. Apart from the two main paradigms of personality theory considered in this paper, another important group of theories that attempt to explain personality comprises the humanistic theory. This theory pays incredible attention to the significance of the free will of people together with the individual experience in fostering the development of personality. Central to the discussion of the humanistic theories is the concept of self-actualization. This concept emphasizes that personal growth is an important aspect that influences or motivates the behavior of people (Matt, 2011). Behavior is an important aspect that affects the personality of an individual f rom the perspective of social cognitive and psychoanalytic personality and theoretical paradigms. Abraham Maslow is one of the well-known advocates of humanist personality theory. Since the purpose of this paper is limited to the discussion of roles of the unconscious mind in personality theories from only two perspectives, the remaining part of the paper considers psychoanalytic and social cognitive perspectives only. Roles of Unconscious Mind in the Social Cognitive Theory of Personality From the perspective of psychoanalytic and social cognitive theories of personality, consciousness forms the phenomenal substance, which helps to guide the mental functioning in the life of a human being. It forms the foundation in which contextualization of events, construction of courses of action, and even planning of various actions are made (Bandura, 1995). Arguably, after the environmental learning experience, a mental effort is not required to perform various tasks. Rather, the unconscious mind functions as the constant reminder of the appropriate course of action whenever one encounters a situation requiring actions that have been executed before in response to a given environmental stimuli. The manner in which one responds to certain stimuli through a given set of behavioral actions that are peculiar to a particular individual constitutes the personality of such an individual (Bandura, 1995). From the perspective of social cognitive theories, the responses to certain environmental stimuli in automated ways are attributable to the information stored in the unconscious mind of an individual. The main challenges of social cognitive theorists are to develop an explanation of how these cognitions are developed. Addressing the above challenges constitutes the main points of departure on the role of unconscious from the perspective of social cognitive and psychoanalytic theorists. For instance, while the psychoanalytic perspective holds that some characteristics of an indi vidual that constitute the personality of him or her are owed to the functioning of the unconscious mind, the social cognitive paradigm argues that â€Å"consciousness cannot be reduced to an epiphenomenon of the output of a mental process realized mechanically at unconscious lower levels† (Bandura, 1999, p.7). From the basis of this assertion, social cognitive theory emphasizes that it is important for a distinction to be drawn between functional properties of the brain of a person and the physical processes for thoughts that are deployed by the given individual. While a psychoanalytic subscriber would incline to the position that the human unconscious mind is responsible for reactions involving negative experiences, the social cognitive theoretical paradigm maintains that people’s unconscious mind is essentially generative, proactive, and creative, apart from being self-reflective or reactive (Bandura, 1999, p.3). This argument implies that practices leading to cogni tions that are held within the unconscious mind are not only developing behaviors but also determinative manipulations. The unconscious mind is viewed from the perspective of social cognitive as the storage of information that must be activated to help in reacting towards the determination of the required course of action. Additionally, socials cognitive theorists emphasize that, in the expression of the personality of individuals, people must actuate certain brain processes so that selected intentions can be realized. These intentions define the personality of a given individual. Hence, for the expression of the characteristics of a person that make him or her unique from other people, certain schemas within the unconscious mind must be excited. Such schemas are made up of socially cognized and/or generated experiences. The central argument here is that the memories stored in the unconscious mind are acquired from the environment. The social cognitive theory on personality holds th at people display certain behaviors due to four main key factors: rewards, cues, drives, and responses (Bandura, 1999). In case an individual is motivated for learning a given behavior, he or she uses the observation technique to learn the behavior. This behavior defines the personality of the individual once its schemas are developed in the unconscious memory. Once a person observes behavior, it is solidified through learning. Therefore, the individual does not have to put any effort mentally to recall it and/or display it in a phenotypic manner. In this perspective, the personality of an individual is a function of the learned behaviors from the environment. Roles of Unconscious Mind in the Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality As argued before, social cognitive theory emphasizes that the personality of an individual is constructed by the social experiences through learning of behaviors from the environment. Once these behaviors are fully learnt, the unconscious memory serves the p urpose of automatically retrieving the memories that call into action the appropriate behaviors once stimuli, which demands reaction by a certain behavior, is experienced (Bandura, 1995). This purpose of the unconscious mind is opposed to the purpose of the unconscious mind in the formation of the personality of an individual from the perspective of psychoanalysis as stipulated and discussed by Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that one of the amicable mechanisms of uncovering the personality of his patients was through the free association with them. According to Matt (2011), patients were requested to describe what appeared in their minds whenever a discussion of certain topics was initiated. Additionally, Freud also conducted scrutiny of dreams of people in the attempt to establish a link between the unconscious mind and the personality of his patients. Via an intensive analysis of the preconscious mind together with the unconscious mind of patients, Freudian school of thought implie s that the personality of an individual is possible to evaluate. Consequently, a psychotherapeutic treatment of mental ailments can be conducted. Based on this psychoanalytic approach to personality, it means people have no control over their personality. Rather, it is controlled by the unconscious mind, which under the normal functioning of a person, is difficult to unveil. This argument perhaps explains why the Freudian approach to the determination of personality of an individual over dwells on the analysis of dreams as opposed to social cognitive perspective. While dreaming, an individual is not under control of his or her thinking process (Fleeson, 2004). However, in the dreams, an individual reminiscences situations, which are encountered in real life by attempting to respond to them depending on the acquired experience on some of the effective means of tackling such situations. This argument underlines the significance of considering socio-cognitive theoretical perspective in the determination of the roles of the unconscious mind against the psychoanalytic perspective. This case is significant since it is arguable that the dreams discussed by Freud as proactive means of determining the role of the unconscious mind in the construction of personality have the possibilities of being based on the information acquired through social interactions between the dreamer and other people within the environment. Social cognitive theory of personality provides an account of the personality of people based on the cognitions acquired by their interaction processes. Psychoanalysis approach argues, â€Å"The unconscious is the storehouse of instinctual desires, needs, psychic actions, and a repository for socially unacceptable ideas, wishes or desires, and traumatic memories† (Kihlstrom, Beer Klein, 2002, p.74). The unconscious mind is also the storage of painful emotions. Social cognitive theorists criticize this assertion by arguing that the psychoanalytic app roach to personality emphasizes the negative experiences of an individual in influencing his or her personality. The issue that remains is to know the roles of the unconscious mind in influencing positive personality traits that are expressed by people. Seeking a response to this query gives rise to other theoretical paradigms of explaining how the personality of an individual is constructed such as the behavioral theories and humanistic theoretical paradigms. Conclusion People’s actions and behaviors are attributable to several factors. Such factors include cultural beliefs and processes of social interactions. From the psychological perspective, people’s behaviors are also influenced by the conscious and unconscious mind. Psychoanalytic theorists advance this school of thought by contending that people have inner forces, which act outside their cognitions. Such forces influence the manner in which people behave. As discussed in the paper, this school of thought is at tributed to Sigmund Freud, who is regarded as the origin of psychotherapy. The arguments raised by Sigmund Freud were criticized, with people considering them strange. Hence, they attracted much debates about their applicability in real life situations. They also give rise to alternative paradigms of theorizing the personality of people. However, Freud’s work continues to influence a number of disciplines that are concerned with the studies of human behaviors such as sociology, anthropology, and psychology among others. Reference List Bandura, A. (1995). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, A. (1999). A social cognitive theory of personality. New York: Guilford Publications. Fleeson, W. (2004). Moving personality beyond the person-situation debate: The challenge and the opportunity of within-person variability. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(2), 83–87. Kihlstrom, J., Beer, S., Klein, B. (2002). Self a nd identity as memory. New York: Guilford Press. Matt, F. (2011). The Foundation of Unconscious: Schelling, Freud and the Birth of the Modern Psyche. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

4 signs that your manager is the problemâ€not you

4 signs that your manager is the problem- not you Are you having problems at work? If so, you’re not alone, and it’s not something you should ignore. Most of us spend a significant portion of our lives at work- way too much time to be constantly unhappy or submerged in an uncomfortable environment. And the truth is, there’s a wide array of possible explanations for why you’re having issues- including many that aren’t really your fault, and might be a problem of poor management. Much like our family members, the vast majority of us don’t get to pick our bosses, which means that we’re often in the passenger seat regarding who we report to on a daily basis. In a perfect world, our managers would be great people and shining examples of professionalism, individuals whom we can aspire to emulate as we learn and grow on the job.Unfortunately, we don’t live in a perfect world, and most of us aren’t lucky enough to work with perfect managers. In fact, some of us find ourselves wo rking alongside problematic managers who really exert a negative energy and adversely impact the ability of others to do their jobs.Does this sound like the situation you’re in? If so- or if you’re finding yourself unhappy at work and are unsure if the problem lies with you or your manger- then keep a lookout for the following 4 signs that just might indicate that your manager is indeed the source of the problem.Everyone is having similar issuesAlthough your knee-jerk reaction to a less than ideal work environment might be that the problem lies in others and not you, you should take a step back and try to gain some perspective on the situation. If you think your manager might be the source of your problem at work, then listen to what others are saying. If you’re the only one who’s having a problem with your manager, then maybe the situation isn’t as black and white as you think, and you may benefit from taking a deeper look at your involvement and role (hopefully in an effort to make improvements). However, if others are also reporting problems (or show dismay at how your manager does business on a daily basis), it’s a good indication that they are the problem- not you.Productivity is downOne of the truly unfortunate side effects of having a problematic manager is that not only are they difficult to work with, but they also tend to negatively impact the workflow and productivity of the department or team they lead. This impact can be profound and quite apparent- everything from decreased efficiency and productivity to poor intradepartmental and interdepartmental communication and collaboration can result from the ill effects of an unchecked managerial bad seed. If your team or department is in chaos and productivity is down- and your manager simply refuses to right the ship or is unable to- then it’s pretty clear that there’s a problem.People are unhappyWhen a team reports to a problematic manager and the situation goes unchecked for too long without a course correction, the end result is often a sharp dip in morale alongside an uptick in stress and anxiety- not a recipe for employee happiness. And when employees are unhappy, it’s hard to imagine anything positive, productive, or innovative resulting. If the people who report to your manager are unhappy, then it doesn’t take an HR professional to deduce that there may be a problem at the top that needs to be addressed.People are leavingAn extreme result of employees being too unhappy for too long is that they tend to jump ship and seek out opportunities on different teams, in other departments- and at other companies. Are you noticing a trend of employees who report to your manager fleeing their positions in droves? If so, then it’s a classic red flag that there’s an unresolved problem with your manager that needs to be addressed.If you’re having a problem at work, the only path to improvement is t o first diagnose the problem, including from where- or who- the issue originates. Use the signs covered here to help you determine if the problem lies in your manager, so you can start the process of working towards a satisfying resolution for you and your career.

Connected the Education in Technology essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Connected the Education in Technology - Essay Example This revealed that the technological changes are taking place at a faster rate compared to the previous years and its integration in to the education system is something that cannot be delayed or postponed. This because integrating technology into the educational system has a number of advantages including providing access to more information sources, makes it relative easier to supervise learning processes and results in reduced costs when compared against traditional forms of education. The main aim of writing the essay was to explain the manner in which technology should be integrated into education and the advantages that this can provide for educational processes. The essay mainly dwelled on the advantages and benefits that are associated with integrating technology into educational processes. Some of the advantages that were identified in the essay included the fact that it can lead to reduction in costs, it can result in changes and new patterns for library services and the fact that it can result in change in vision and awareness of users of the system among other benefits. Additionally, the essay also mentioned some of the ways through which technology can be integrated in to the educational system and the ramifications for students after when they enter the job market after going through the education system. On the other hand, there are also some views of people who do not consider technology to be beneficial to education that are also included in this ess ay. Even though there are clear advantages to integrating technology in educational practices, the views developed by the critics are also compelling since they explain explicitly the manner in which they fail to be beneficial. The Ethical Reasoning: Technology in Education was intended for a complex audience that included college students as well as college professors as it dwelled with the ethical quandary of technology in regards to education and future career preparation.